In today’s day and age, everyone should know a little bit of HTML.
HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language and is the lingua franca of cyberspace. Everything you see on the Web is wrapped in HTML. Consequently, any content that makes its way onto the Web will first have to be reformatted into HTML.
So if you want to make a Web site, post to certain blogs or just write fancy text in forums, it is useful to understand HTML. Even journalists have had to adopt the standard. Before this article makes it to the Web, some poor soul in the newsroom will go through it and add in HTML tags.
And now it is more important than ever to have a positive Web presence. A recent Wall Street Journal article reported that corporations such as Microsoft are increasingly reliant on Web searches to weed out job applicants, even before the first interview. Creating your own homepage is one way you can regain some influence over what those prospective employers find when they go Googling for your name.
This week’s column will walk you through the steps of creating your first (very simple) Web page in HTML.
TAG! You’re it!
In 1993, Tim Berners-Lee developed HTML to navigate files from one computer to another. The language itself revolves around “tags” — short descriptions that your computer’s browser can read. Each browser gives a little directive that says things like “Fetch an image and place it here,” “Make this bold” or “Put me in the first column of this table.”
Tags start with a less-than sign and end in a greater-than sign, e.g.
To see tags in action, open up any Web page and view the source. In Internet Explorer or Firefox, go “View” -> “Source.” Among other things, you should see lots and lots of tags.
No Such Thing as a Free Lunch
You may be saying to yourself, “There has to be an easier way to make Web pages than to write all of this HTML stuff by hand.” You would be partially correct. Dreamweaver, Front Page, Mozilla Composer and even Microsoft Word all allow you to create documents in the usual fashion and will then translate your work into HTML for you.
But these “WYSIWYG” — or, What-You-See-Is-What-You-Get — programs are finicky beasts. They each have their own menus and user interfaces — and in the case of Dreamweaver, learning to navigate the mess can be more difficult than learning HTML in the first place. Invariably WYSIWYG’s will make mistakes and misinterpret your document into code. At some point you will have to crack open the code and edit it directly, so it’s a good idea to learn HTML from the get-go.
Your First Web page
To start out, open up a text editor, like Notepad on Windows or TextEdit on a Mac. Our first Web site will go something like this:
This is my Web page! I’m really happy. I visit The Stanford Daily
The tag tells our browser that this is HTML. Next, we start the body of our page with the body tag,
. Type your message to the world in your body. To format your text add in a bold tag, , or an italics tag, , and then close these tags with or , respectively. The highlight of our simple site will be a link. To create a link, enclose some text in the anchor tags, and . Inside the first anchor tag add in the text “href=” followed by a Web site enclosed in quotations.To view your Web page, save your file with a “.html” extension. In TextEdit, be sure to enable the plain-text format by going to “Format” -> “Make Plaintext.”
Next, open up your file in your favorite browser by going “File”->”Open”. You should see your masterpiece flash onto the screen.
Our example page may have been simplistic, but it demonstrates that HTML is a lot easier than most people think. For a quick but detailed tutorial see Dave Raggett’s Introduction to HTML at the World Wide Web Consortium, http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/Guide/.
To the Web and Beyond!
Stanford students can share their new creation with the world by using their free Stanford Web space. For more information, see my column from Oct. 11, or search for directions at http://academiccomputing.stanford.edu.
There is more to the Web than just HTML. Countless technologies from Cascading Style Sheets to Javascript work next to and behind HTML to create the flashy, dynamic sites that you navigate everyday. But HTML is at the core of all of these technologies, and a familiarity with the basics should carry you a long way.
With HTML, any content on the Web is only a few tags away.
Andrew Leifer is a junior studying physics and is founder of BoulderComputing.com, a small computer consulting firm. E-mail him at andrew.leifer@stanford.edu

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